DESCRIPTION------------------------------------------------------------ This is an updated composite record of CO2, which is more convenient to use than the separate VOSTOK and EPICA datasets originally used for Principles of Planetary Climate. It was edited down from the full file to make plotting easier. The full data set is in the file edc-co2-2008.txt in the Original subdirectory of this directory. END DESCRIPTION--------------------------------------------------------- EPICA Dome C Ice Core 800KYr Carbon Dioxide Data ----------------------------------------------------------------------- World Data Center for Paleoclimatology, Boulder and NOAA Paleoclimatology Program ----------------------------------------------------------------------- NOTE: PLEASE CITE ORIGINAL REFERENCE WHEN USING THIS DATA!!!!! NAME OF DATA SET: EPICA Dome C Ice Core 800KYr Carbon Dioxide Data LAST UPDATE: 6/2008 (Original receipt by WDC Paleo) CONTRIBUTORS: Dieter Lüthi, et al. IGBP PAGES/WDCA CONTRIBUTION SERIES NUMBER: 2008-055 WDC PALEO CONTRIBUTION SERIES CITATION: Lüthi, D., et al.. 2008. EPICA Dome C Ice Core 800KYr Carbon Dioxide Data. IGBP PAGES/World Data Center for Paleoclimatology Data Contribution Series # 2008-055. NOAA/NCDC Paleoclimatology Program, Boulder CO, USA. ORIGINAL REFERENCE: Lüthi, D., M. Le Floch, B. Bereiter, T. Blunier, J.-M. Barnola, U. Siegenthaler, D. Raynaud, J. Jouzel, H. Fischer, K. Kawamura, and T.F. Stocker. 2008. High-resolution carbon dioxide concentration record 650,000-800,000 years before present. Nature, Vol. 453, pp. 379-382, 15 May 2008. doi:10.1038/nature06949 ABSTRACT: Changes in past atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations can be determined by measuring the composition of air trapped in ice cores from Antarctica. So far, the Antarctic Vostok and EPICA Dome C ice cores have provided a composite record of atmospheric carbon dioxide levels over the past 650,000 years. Here we present results of the lowest 200m of the Dome C ice core, extending the record of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by two complete glacial cycles to 800,000 yr before present. From previously published data and the present work, we find that atmospheric carbon dioxide is strongly correlated with Antarctic temperature throughout eight glacial cycles but with significantly lower concentrations between 650,000 and 750,000 yr before present. Carbon dioxide levels are below 180 parts per million by volume (p.p.m.v.) for a period of 3,000 yr during Marine Isotope Stage 16, possibly reflecting more pronounced oceanic carbon storage. We report the lowest carbon dioxide concentration measured in an ice core, which extends the pre-industrial range of carbon dioxide concentrations during the late Quaternary by about 10 p.p.m.v. to 172–300 p.p.m.v. ADDITIONAL REFERENCES: Indermühle, A., E. Monnin, B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, M. Wahlen, 1999, Atmospheric CO2 concentration from 60 to 20 kyr BP from the Taylor Dome ice core, Antarctica. Geophysical Research Letters, 27, 735-738. Monnin, E., A. Indermühle, A. Dällenbach, J. Flückiger, B. Stauffer, T.F. Stocker, D. Raynaud, and J.-M. Barnola. 2001. Atmospheric CO2 concentrations over the last glacial termination. Science, Vol. 291, pp. 112-114. Petit, J.R., J. Jouzel, D. Raynaud, N.I. Barkov, J.-M. Barnola, I. Basile, M. Benders, J. Chappellaz, M. Davis, G. Delayque, M. Delmotte, V.M. Kotlyakov, M. Legrand, V.Y. Lipenkov, C. Lorius, L. Pépin, C. Ritz, E. Saltzman, and M. Stievenard. 1999. Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica. Nature 399: 429-436. Siegenthaler, U., T.F. Stocker, E. Monnin, D. Lüthi, J. Schwander, B. Stauffer, D. Raynaud, J.-M. Barnola, H. Fischer, V. Masson-Delmotte, J. Jouzel. 2005. Stable Carbon Cycle-Climate Relationship During the Late Pleistocene. Science, v. 310 , pp. 1313-1317, 25 November 2005. GEOGRAPHIC REGION: East Antarctica PERIOD OF RECORD: 800 KYrBP -present FUNDING SOURCES: This work is a contribution to the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA), a joint European Science Foundation/European Commission scientific program, funded by the European Commission and by national contributions from Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom. We acknowledge financial support by the Swiss NSF, the University of Bern, the Swiss Federal Agency of Energy and the French ANR (Agence nationale pour la Recherche; programme PICC). DESCRIPTION: Carbon dioxide record from the EPICA (European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica) Dome C ice core covering 0 to 800 kyr BP. EPICA Dome C ice core location: 75°06'S, 123°21'E, 3233m above sea level These data also available from the Nature Supplementary Materials for Lüthi et al. (2008). 3. Composite CO2 record (0-800 kyr BP) 0-22 kyr Dome C (Monnin et al. 2001) measured at University of Bern 22-393 kyr Vostok (Petit et al. 1999; Pepin et al. 2001; Raynaud et al. 2005) measured at LGGE in Grenoble 393-416 kyr Dome C (Siegenthaler et al. 2005) measured at LGGE in Grenoble 416-664 kyr Dome C (Siegenthaler et al. 2005) measured at University of Bern 664-800 kyr Dome C (Luethi et al. (sub)) measured at University of Bern AgeYBP CO2ppmv 137 280.4 268 274.9 279 277.9 395 279.1 404 281.9 485 277.7 559 281.1 672 282.2 754 280.1 877 278.4 950 276.6 1060 279.1 1153 277.7 1233 278.7 1350 277.4 1453 279.2 1552 280 1638 278.9 1733 278.7 1812 278 1931 276.9 2057 276.7 2128 276.7 2212 277.6 2334 277.9 2433 273.9 2536 278.9 2604 275.3 2728 274.7 2806 276.3 2902 274.6 3053 276.3 3116 273.1 3215 274 3336 275 3453 273.4 3523 273 3622 271.5 3721 275.4 3790 274.9 3910 271.7 4004 271.6 4096 272.8 4161 271.5 4324 271.1 4374 269.1 4480 269.8 4573 271.5 4703 270.7 4766 269.3 4874 268.6 5004 269.8 5094 267.6 5160 265.3 5274 265.2 5370 267.6 5476 265.9 5562 265.5 5657 260.7 5716 266.7 5855 265.5 5998 263.2 6039 262.7 6131 261.2 6263 261.1 6354 259.4 6434 262.1 6545 262.9 6617 258.1 6713 257.6 6838 262.3 6941 263 7028 260.7 7112 258.4 7234 260.1 7320 260.4 7413 259.7 7507 259.2 7590 260.8 7691 259.6 7781 259.3 7876 258.3 7990 261.3 8050 260.7 8181 261.8 8281 259 8387 260.9 8477 260.4 8579 259.3 8653 262 8784 263.7 8869 263.8 8973 265.2 9092 260.6 9140 260.9 9232 263 9317 263.8 9536 264.4 9597 264.2 9721 264 9807 263.4 9909 265.7 9983 264.9 10088 267.5 10209 266.9 10294 266 10417 265.1 10527 267.6 10621 264.8 10744 264.8 10805 265 10827 265.3 10895 264.4 10933 264.1 11014 264.2 11087 264.5 11136 264 11201 263 11236 265.2 11278 258.8 11338 260.8 11392 255.4 11436 253.9 11469 253.8 11580 250.7 11635 249.7 11676 251.1 11727 250.7 11819 245.3 11896 245.3 11958 246.6 12050 243.2 12122 240.3 12371 237.5 12496 237.6 12642 234.2 12760 238.3 12942 237.3 13090 237.9 13241 237.6 13440 236.4 13542 239.2 13653 238.6 13804 238.6 13948 239.1 14303 228.5 14550 228.4 14725 226.1 14890 225.2 15012 224.5 15233 222 15438 221 15570 220.9 15742 219.4 15886 214 16073 207.5 16260 207.7 16452 202.9 16659 200.8 16870 195.2 17111 193.9 17375 191 17565 188.5 17809 188.5 17943 189.2 18285 187 18541 188.6 18828 189.4 18868 192.3 18921 188.3 19347 188.7 19509 188.8 19748 190 19988 188 20168 188.2 20197 195 20502 187.8 20748 186.9 21011 186.5 21257 184.7 21507 186.1 21854 185.7 22015 184.4 22827 189.2 25994 191.6 29063 188.5 30020 191.7 35009 205.3 37471 209.1 43500 209.1 47336 189.3 48854 188.4 49690 210.1 50663 215.7 52382 190.4 57088 221.7 57657 210.4 62859 195.3 64939 191.4 65939 194.9 71049 227.3 73227 229.1 77150 217.1 78183 221.7 80614 230.9 82417 241.1 83333 236.4 84016 228 85020 214.2 86181 217 87917 208 90357 224.2 91249 228.3 94353 232 99849 225.8 100837 230.8 101749 236.9 103465 228.1 104704 236.9 105636 230.6 107579 238.2 108153 245.6 109804 251.2 111862 256.7 113262 266.3 114096 261.4 114601 274.5 115118 273.2 116501 262.5 117750 267.6 118649 273.7 119672 271.9 120382 265.2 121017 277.6 122344 272.1 123070 276.4 124213 268.7 124257 266.6 124789 266.3 125081 279.7 125262 273 125434 277.1 126347 273.7 126598 267.1 126886 262.5 127132 262.6 127622 275.3 127907 275.6 128344 274 128372 287.1 128609 286.8 128866 282.6 129146 264.1 129340 263.4 129652 257.9 129736 259 131329 245 131455 240.4 131728 228.9 132492 223.5 133069 223.9 133105 220.3 133427 210.6 134123 208.9 134287 203.7 134960 204.5 135114 200.4 135207 198 135603 198 135883 201.7 136011 200.7 136251 202.4 136567 195.8 136655 201.1 137293 194.3 137633 193.4 137982 194.2 138185 190.2 139275 192.3 139617 196.5 140899 195.6 140960 196.4 142058 190.4 145363 196.9 148831 203 149803 191.9 149921 188.9 151423 200.6 154480 189 155395 185.5 155813 187.5 159562 204.3 159943 196.5 161679 191.6 162228 190.1 163024 186.7 163698 183.8 164439 196.6 167183 197.8 169492 197.7 171351 196 172434 190.3 173135 189.4 173394 190.1 175306 207.7 177139 213.2 178179 217.7 179117 198.1 180068 199.7 182046 203.4 184685 210.7 186697 231.3 188436 231.4 189076 220.3 190352 218 192910 226.5 193481 220 195017 226.4 195673 241.2 196179 242.6 198972 250.9 199918 239.1 201163 247.6 202413 244.4 202874 231.9 203317 232.2 203837 228.6 204480 226.3 204908 229.4 205362 231.4 205952 238.1 206144 237.2 206810 230 207120 240.5 207544 242.2 208064 244.6 208254 243.9 208803 247.2 208995 252 209432 246.9 209817 239.5 210154 257.4 210813 243.4 211858 251.2 212716 241.4 213270 240.3 213536 242.6 213984 247.5 214459 251.7 214794 251.1 215382 245.3 216352 240.5 218361 214.1 219116 216.1 220058 207.1 220739 208.8 222030 205.6 224269 203.3 224923 215.7 225909 235.5 226711 234.5 227027 233.1 227776 224.5 229423 232.4 230422 233.9 231066 241.6 234817 245.2 235480 252.1 236114 241.4 236734 247.4 237294 243.1 237868 239.1 238558 245.6 239013 245.8 239477 247.4 239973 252.8 240945 259.7 241366 263.2 242007 279 242346 280.2 243071 263.7 243429 252.3 243856 249.9 244347 236.7 244864 230.4 245441 219.4 247681 214.7 250133 200.2 251005 213.9 251864 195.4 252739 196.7 253636 195.4 255498 199 256309 201.9 257100 204 258661 203.9 260353 209.6 260916 205.7 262092 208.9 262930 214.6 264509 228.1 265653 199.9 266326 211.7 267442 188.7 268181 187.2 269154 194.2 270222 198.8 271256 184.7 272311 190.4 273310 193.9 274321 194.1 275350 198.4 276326 193.2 277361 202.2 278350 204.5 279320 211 280269 215.3 281758 223.7 283785 231.3 285380 228 286128 226.4 287036 231.4 287538 230.4 288233 231 290153 234.9 290730 220.4 291367 217.1 292405 207.6 293057 206 293779 206.7 294568 212.7 295930 213.1 297921 217.1 298741 224.4 299621 231 300472 236.1 301402 239 302280 236 303226 240.2 304232 240.7 304901 250.2 305655 248.6 306547 244.8 307495 225.8 308744 227.8 309389 226.2 310168 233.2 311013 237.8 311868 239 312676 241.9 313414 251.6 314144 256.7 314867 257.1 315572 246.8 316200 272.6 316897 251.6 317734 245.2 318559 233.4 319480 255.8 320358 249.2 322015 257.2 322767 260.4 323526 260.3 324280 260.5 324971 266.2 325720 264 326321 266.1 326972 270.1 327590 271.9 328221 275.1 329475 265 330208 271.7 330740 272.6 331438 273.1 331944 282.4 332285 289.1 332462 288.4 332919 298.6 333380 278.1 333890 285.8 334261 278.6 334748 270.5 335287 255.7 335918 241.9 336725 239.6 337391 234.2 339298 250.1 340456 200.7 341802 205.2 343282 204.8 344446 211.9 345980 220.3 348298 221.1 349688 216.2 350925 209.4 352275 209.2 355302 193 356898 186.1 358712 185.8 360957 201.2 363385 206.3 366235 201.9 367856 199.9 369446 214.7 371090 224.6 372646 229.6 376568 227 378096 240 379696 239.1 381132 246.8 382670 245.8 384534 258.1 385398 264.6 386144 259.2 388062 255.2 389946 250.1 391896 266.3 392544 259.5 393579 273.6 394560 260.7 398086 276.3 399722 277.1 400504 283.2 402000 283.1 402731 275.7 404181 276.5 404927 280.5 406368 279.6 407093 285.6 408600 284.5 409383 275.2 409383 274.2 410206 282.6 411071 283.5 412962 274.9 413948 264.9 414963 271.6 415717 276.4 416193 271.7 417191 273.4 417698 271.8 418245 274.6 419260 273.7 419808 271.2 420350 273.8 421484 268.6 422074 266.4 422649 270.6 423764 267.7 424332 268.3 424840 270.8 425242 270 425569 265.4 425975 255.3 426598 252.1 427285 248.2 427566 242.5 429006 219.7 429876 227.2 431063 211.5 431445 207.6 432599 209.8 433674 207.5 434804 200.3 435989 201.7 437152 201.3 438356 202 439565 199.1 441220 201.1 442411 203.5 443562 208.1 444650 201.7 445829 201.2 446984 204.9 448103 201.9 449244 198.4 450455 193.3 451593 192.5 452283 199.1 452795 204.3 453514 203.3 454023 208.3 455279 202.4 456591 195.5 458049 190.7 459430 194.4 460792 199.9 461687 205.2 462133 210 463456 208.1 464866 204.4 466265 203.4 467602 205.5 468323 206.5 468810 215.5 469470 218.7 469941 229.2 470597 232.7 471046 243.7 471763 243.9 472095 245.6 473102 241.2 474162 233.1 475218 232.8 476240 236.6 477162 239.1 477719 236.5 478124 231.3 478721 220.8 479144 218.8 480108 223.8 481035 223.4 481932 227.3 482803 231.4 483649 231.4 484465 231.2 485276 233 486043 232.9 486816 231.3 487541 237.1 488268 242 488689 240.9 488996 252.8 489475 249.3 489722 242.6 490445 243.3 491191 246.7 491959 243.7 492738 239.7 493507 239.1 494311 238.3 495085 238.5 495853 237.6 496608 236.4 497366 236.5 498104 232.8 498865 230.6 499610 230.8 500363 228.2 501130 230.8 501866 231.2 502625 232 503375 232.2 504083 234.1 504777 233.9 505516 235.5 506287 236 507011 238.2 507714 237 508476 240.3 509247 233.4 510008 236.4 510765 235.2 511515 242 512269 238.2 512997 239.2 513724 241.5 514429 243 515113 247.2 515771 246.2 516417 245.5 517069 245.3 517706 247.7 518334 245.5 518965 243.5 520892 241.9 521552 236.8 522216 235.8 522923 233.7 523666 230.3 524409 227.8 525164 224.7 525908 222.7 526661 221.2 527454 220.3 528262 220.7 528747 214.5 529101 211.4 529640 204.4 530016 200 530685 195.1 531035 193.8 531662 190.5 532119 199.8 533246 199.4 534364 205 535483 206.4 536622 212.9 537770 211.2 538959 205 540154 203.6 541345 208.1 542502 210.3 543676 209.6 544804 209.7 545956 204.6 547013 202.5 547573 208.8 547972 213.6 548933 215.2 549830 219.9 550637 221.7 551124 222.3 551452 226.3 551979 222.1 552250 220.3 552961 223.6 553626 224.3 554254 226.7 554831 233.9 555345 241 555637 243 555839 249.1 556143 244 556364 250.5 556724 245.6 556889 240.4 557385 238.1 557887 234.5 558183 229.7 558393 230.2 558929 230.3 559461 228.3 559972 231.6 560459 231.9 560930 234.6 561309 234.1 561846 240.1 562272 242.3 562690 245.7 563115 245.8 563517 247.6 563918 251.4 564311 252.4 564699 252.6 565077 251.4 565466 253.7 565851 254.3 566233 253.9 566619 254.5 567007 253.2 567381 253.9 567777 252.8 568167 253 568556 250.2 568946 251.3 569331 250 569728 251.3 570139 251.8 570548 251.8 570955 249.6 571367 251.6 571775 250.3 572190 246.3 572619 247.7 573037 249.2 573462 248.7 573902 251.8 574353 251.9 574803 252.1 575265 248.9 575730 252.5 576222 252.9 576723 251.3 577242 251.3 577769 251.1 578305 249.1 578857 252.9 579435 251.5 579821 244.1 580019 243.8 580400 236.2 580695 230.3 581160 225.2 581507 219.4 582000 215.4 582391 209.9 583034 206.7 583413 210.6 586406 224 586893 226 587647 234.4 588034 238.8 588716 246.3 589224 250.2 589868 248.1 590335 243.6 590893 237.4 592279 225.7 592697 229.4 593415 233.2 593870 238.1 594639 238 595189 232.9 595950 221.2 596515 216.4 597443 216.3 597966 219 598833 226 599434 229.4 600882 232.5 602278 237.9 603673 239.1 605076 244.5 606374 248.5 607708 254.6 608929 259.2 610136 257.7 611319 259.6 612514 258 613709 256 614923 252.5 616227 252.4 617544 252.3 618955 247.9 620338 245.4 621760 243 623214 238.6 624690 237.3 625570 234.3 626215 227.8 627211 214.9 627999 205 629446 198.7 630295 199.9 632001 199.5 632856 195.6 634592 192.1 635489 193.9 636957 193 638127 194.3 639848 187.7 640760 189.1 642405 190.2 643204 190.4 644662 194.1 645470 194.6 646723 188.6 647588 190.5 648946 192.1 649598 194.8 650891 187.8 651556 192 652802 185.8 653448 185.3 654473 191.3 655202 193.2 656286 198.4 656882 198.7 657923 191.3 658474 189.2 659524 182.4 660084 183.9 660981 186.6 661650 189.8 662669 187.8 663206 189 664192 189.1 664690 185.8 665645 178.2 666174 178.5 666995 172.7 667569 171.6 668447 175.6 668934 178.5 669751 185.5 670176 189.3 670916 192.6 671286 194.6 671926 192.5 672386 194.8 673095 198.7 673475 202.3 674173 209.2 674521 213.7 675589 220 676170 217.4 676524 214 677068 215.6 677380 217.4 677984 226.5 678291 230 678914 230.8 679252 230.3 679732 223 680081 225 680608 218.4 680920 216.2 681531 217.3 681849 219.7 682446 222.6 682762 221.3 683262 218.7 683612 217.5 684142 217.5 684419 219.4 684949 219.5 685217 219.7 685716 223.5 685980 224.4 686425 224.3 686726 227.3 687227 228.7 687470 228.8 687949 232.3 688195 233 688652 235.8 688881 234.9 689304 235.8 689603 239.9 690057 235.6 690294 234.8 690771 240 690999 234 691432 235.6 691672 236.6 692057 235.5 692338 235.9 692765 232.9 692990 234.8 693433 234.1 693639 234.1 694068 235.4 694300 234.4 694672 235.8 694941 236.9 695383 236.7 695618 237.6 696062 234.6 696287 234.8 696717 235.4 696963 232.9 697331 232.4 697660 232.2 698120 231 698386 228 698880 226.4 699102 227.7 699633 227.6 699909 226 700389 228.7 700744 227.6 701242 228.2 701606 228.8 702158 229.3 702381 230.3 702988 232.4 703384 232.8 703934 231.2 704211 231.2 704973 233.9 705410 228.5 706141 228.6 706409 228.1 709680 219.7 710237 220.2 711104 218.9 711421 218.7 712833 218.5 713843 222.3 714288 221.7 715180 217.7 715750 222.1 716704 208.1 717065 205 718064 192.9 718779 184.3 719794 187.8 720337 195.2 721318 206.3 722039 211.3 723133 213.4 723464 213.2 724445 210.3 725059 206.3 725937 206.6 726322 208.1 727192 204.5 727732 205.5 728568 205.1 728921 205.4 730299 204 730949 204.1 731329 204.9 732141 203.8 732548 205.9 733261 203.9 733543 204.4 734223 205.3 734604 207.4 735167 201.7 735459 201.3 736079 204.1 736460 209.7 737034 208.1 737266 211.3 737889 210.6 738272 206.5 738844 200.3 739137 197.8 739842 185 740277 178.9 741021 178.6 741307 176.6 742075 177.9 742558 182.3 743233 181.7 743589 180.4 744354 181.2 744843 182 745836 180.2 746643 183.1 747110 180.8 747759 180.8 748101 180.4 748913 181.4 749401 182.9 750194 184.8 750476 184 751301 186.2 751830 190.1 752605 188 752978 196.5 753984 191.5 754394 195.8 755241 200.5 755495 201.9 756357 206 756871 210.7 757561 215 757962 219.2 758259 215.3 758475 217.6 758883 217.9 759306 214.9 760202 208.8 760500 206.9 761453 206.1 762064 212 762871 216 763319 215 763686 225.7 763934 221.4 764249 224.1 764833 222.6 765735 216.8 766110 215.7 767096 213.5 767737 217.7 768655 222.4 769050 221.4 769514 228.1 769787 226 770133 231.5 770447 235.6 770724 238.2 770994 235.6 771260 237.7 771708 229.5 772076 230.9 773043 230 773680 233.3 774548 236.9 775051 240.5 776037 238.8 776636 243.9 777556 246.3 777900 246.1 778798 245.8 779364 243.9 780268 248.5 780612 242.8 781535 248.7 782059 246.2 783263 252.1 784147 246.9 784692 250.7 785413 253.3 785789 255.4 786587 260.3 787076 256.9 787805 248.1 788033 247.9 788887 229.5 789381 226.3 790153 218.2 790538 221.3 791491 215.4 792081 205.1 792943 204 793260 209 794608 199.4 795202 195.2 796467 189.3 797099 188.4 798512 191